[...]

[...]

[7] "From the ... arguments advanced by each of the two Parties to sustain his position, it becomes clear that the only point on which they agree is the applicability of the Sri Lanka/UK Bilateral Investment Treaty as the primary source of law. Beyond that preliminary point, the two Parties are in disagreement, since each Party construes the relevant provisions of the Treaty in a manner fundamentally in conflict with the interpretation given by the other Party to the same provisions. Therefore, the first task of the Tribunal is to rule on the controversies existing in this respect by indicating what constitutes the true construction of the Treaty's relevant provisions in conformity with the sound universally accepted rules of treaty interpretation as established in practice, adequately formulated by l'Institut de Droit International in its General Session in 1956, and as codified in Art. 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.4

[8] "The basic rule to be followed by the Tribunal in undertaking its task with regard to the pending controversial Interpretation issue has been formulated since 1888 in the Award rendered in the Van Bokkelen case (Haiti/USA), where it was stated that:

'for the interpretation of treaty language and Intention, whenever controversy arises, reference must be made to the law of nations and to international jurisprudence (Repertory of International Arbitral Jurisprudence, Volume 1: 1794-1918, Edited by; Vincent CoussiratCoustere and Pierre Michel Eisemann, Nijhoff, Dordrecht/Boston/ London, 1989, § 1015, p. 13).'

In essence, the requirement that treaty provisions 'must be interpreted according to the Law of Nations, and not according to any municipal code', emerges from the basic premise expressed by Mr. Vilebster in the following terms:

'When two nations speak to each other, they use the language of nations' (Quoted by the Germany/Venezuela Mixed Claims Commission in the Christern Case, as reproduced in the Repertory referred to herein-above, § 1017, p. 27).

[9] "The other rules that should guide the Tribunal in adjudicating the Interpretation issues raised in the present arbitration case may be formulated as follows:

[10] "Rule (A)

'The first general maxim of interpretation is that it is not allowed to interpret what has no need of interpretation. When a deed is worded in a clear and precise terms, when its meaning is evident and leads to no absurd conclusion, there can be no reason for refusing to admit the meaning which such deed naturally presents' (passage from Vattel's Chapter an Interpretation of Treaties - Book 2, chapter 17, relied upon in 1890 as expressing 'universally recognized law' by the USA/Venezuela Mixed Commission in the Howland case, Repertory, op. cit., § 1016, p.16), and the Mixed Commission did not hesitate in declaring: 'to attempt Interpretation of plain words ... would be violative of Vattel's first rule' (Ibid., p. 26) - cf. A.Ch. Kiss, Répertoire de la Pratique Française en Matière de Droit International Public, Tome 1, 1962, p. 399, on p. 402 § 810 - Text of Prof. Gross Pleading in the ICJ on 15-16 July 1952 in the Morocco case, and § 811 112 - Text of Prof. Basdevant's Pleading in of the PICJ on 5 july 1923 in the Wimbeldon case; S. Bastid, Les Traités Dans la Vie Internationale, 1985, p. 129, footnote no. 1 - reproducing the text of the Résolution adopted by l'Institut de Droit International, Grenada Session, Annuaire de l'Institut, vol. 46, 1956, underlining that the rules adopted are only applicable 'lorsqu'il y a lieu d'interpréter un traité'; and I.M. Sinclair, 'The Principles of Treaty Interpretation and Their Application By the English Courts', International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 12, (1963), p. 536 referring to the decisions pronouncing that if the meaning intended to be expressed is clear the Courts are 'not at liberty to go further').

[11] "Rule (B)

'In the interpretation of treaties ... we ought not to deviate from the common use of the language unless we have very strong reasons for it (...) words are only designed to express the thoughts; thus the true signification of an expression in common use is the idea which custom has affixed to that expression' (another passage from Vattel relied upon by the USA/Venezuela Mixed Commission in the Howland case, op. cit., p. 16 - cf. Award of the Mexico/USA Mixed Commission of 1871 in the William Barron case, Ibid., 1023, p. 30, emphasizing that: 'interpretation means finding in good faith that meaning of certain words, if they are doubtful, which those who used the words must have desired to convey, according to the usage of speech (usus loquendi)'; Alexander's award of 1899 in the Treaty of Limits case between Costa Rica and Nicaragua Ibid., § 1025, p. 31, declaring that: 'words are to be taken as far as possible in their first and simplest meanings', 'in their natural and obvious sense, according to the general use of the same words', 'in the usual sense, and not in any extraordinary or unused acceptation'; S. Bastid, op. cit., p. 129, reproducing the Resolution adopted in 1956 by l'Institut de Droit International according to which: 'L'accord des parties s'étant réalisé sur le texte, il y a lieu de prendre le sens naturel et ordinaire de ce texte comme base d'interprétation'; and I.M. Sinclair, op. cit., p. 537, reporting that: 'the Court .... is bound to construe them (the words) according to their natural and fair meaning').

[12] "Rule (C)

In cases where the linguistic interpretation of a given text seems inadequate or the wording thereof is ambiguous, there should be recourse to the integral context of the Treaty in order to provide an interpretation that 113 takes into consideration what is normally called: 'le sens général, l'esprit du Traité', or 'son économie générale' (Award rendered in 1914 by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Timor Island case between the Netherlands and Portugal, Repertory, op. cit., § 1019, p. 28; decision of the Bulgarian/Greek Mixed Arbitration Tribunal rendered in 1927 in the Sarrapoulos case, Repertory, vol. II: 1919-1945, 5 2020, p. 21-22; The 1926 Paula Mendel case where the Germany/USA Mixed Claims Commission disregarded 'a literal construction of the language' since it 'finds no support in the other provisions of the Treaty as a whole'. Hence, 'it cannot stand alone and must fall' Repertory vol. II, S 2025, p. 25; and the Decision of the Germany/Venezuela Mixed Claims Commission of 1903 in the Kummerow case which stated that: 'it is a uniform rule of construction that effect should be given to every clause and sentence of an agreement', Repertory, op. cit., vol. I, § 1031, p. 38).

[13] "Rule (D)

In addition to the 'integral context', 'object and intent', 'spirit', 'objectives', 'comprehensive construction of the treaty as a whole', recourse to the rules and principles of international law has to be considered a necessary factor providing guidance within the process of treaty interpretation. (Resolution of l'Institut de Droit International, op. cit., Art. I(2) which stipulates: 'les termes des dispositions du traité doivent être interprétés dans le contexte entier, selon la bonne foi et à la lumière des principes du droit international'; Paragraph 3(c), of Art. 31 of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties containing reference to: 'all relevant rule of international law applicable in the relations between the parties', and the Award rendered in 1928 by the France/Mexico Claims Commission in the Georges Pinson case, which stated among 'les principes généraux d'interprétation': 'Toute convention internationale doit être réputée s'en référer tacitement au droit international commun, pour toutes les questions qu'elle ne résout pas ellemême en termes exprès et d'une façon différente' Repertory, op. cit., vol. II, § 2023, p. 24).

[14] "Rule (E)

'Nothing is better settled, as a canon of interpretation in all systems of law, than that a clause must be so interpreted as to give it a meaning rather than so as to deprive it of meaning' (Award of the UK/USA Arbitral Tribunal of 1926 in the Cayuga Indians case, Repertory, vol. II, § 2036, p. 35-36). This 114 is simply an application of the ... wider legal principle of 'effectiveness' which requires favouring the interpretation that gives to each treaty provision 'effet utile'.

[15] "Rule (F)

'When there is need of interpretation of a treaty it is proper to consider stipulations of earlier or later treaties in relation to subjects similar to those treated in the treaty under consideration' (Award of the Mexico/USA General Claims Commission of 1929 rendered in the Elton case, Repertory, vol. II, § 2033, p. 35). Thus, establishing the practice followed through comparative law survey of all relevant precedents becomes an extremely useful tool to provide an authoritative interpretation."

[...]

[...]

[37] "Faced with the task of adjudicating the claimant's 'alternative submission' [presented by claimant in the case the strict liability argument based on Art. 2 and the most-favoured-nation clause were not to be accepted], the Tribunal has to provide an answer to the various arguments raised by both Parties with regard to the interpretation of Art. 4, the inter-relation between 4(1) and 4(2), their respective scope of application, as well as the burden of proof assumed by each Party in evidencing the existence or non-existence of the conditions required for the applicability of the rules and standards referred to in both paragraphs of Art. 4.

[38] "In determining the applicability of either paragraph of Art. 4, the Tribunal shall be guided by the same Rules of interpretation previously prescribed from (A) to (F). Nevertheless, in order to handle the legal issues related to evidence, the above-stated canons have to be complemented by taking into consideration the following established international law rules:

[39] "Rule (G)

'There exists a general principle of law placing the burden of proof upon the Claimant' (Bin Cheng, General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Grotius Publications, Cambridge, (1987), p. 327, and the supporting authorities referred to therein).

[40] "Rule (H)

'The term actor in the principle onus probandi actori incumbit is not to be taken to mean the plaintiff from the procedural standpoint, but the real - claimant in view of the issues involved' (Ibid., p. 332). Hence, with regard to 'the proof of individual allegations advanced by the parties in the course of proceedings, the burden of proof rests upon the party alleging the fact' (Ibid., p. 334, and Duruard V. Sandifer, Evidence before International Tribunals, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, (1975), p. 127, footnote 101).

[41 ] "Rule (I)

'A Party having the burden of proof must not only bring evidence in support of his allegations, but must also convince the Tribunal of their truth, lest they be disregarded for want, or insufficiency, of proof' (Cheng, op. cit., p. 329-331, with quotations from the supporting authorities).

[42] "Rule (J)

'The international responsibility of the State is not to be presumed. The party alleging a violation of international law giving rise to international responsibility has the burden of proving the assertion' (The Tanger Horses case (1924); the Corfu Channel case (1949), and the Belgium Claims case (1930) referred to by Cheng, at p. 305-306).

[43] "Rule (K)

International tribunals are 'not bound to adhere to strict judicial rules of evidence'. As a general principle 'the probative force of the evidence presented is for the Tribunal to determine' (Sandifer, op. cit. pp. 9 and 17, Award of 1896 rendered in the Fabiani case between France and Venezuela, Repertory, op. cit., vol. I, p. 412-413; and the 1903 Award rendered in the Franqui case by the Spain/Venezuela Mixed Claims Commission, which considered this rule as expressing 'the unanimous conviction of the most conspicuous writers upon international law' and relying inter alia on Art. 15 of the Rules for Arbitration between Nations adopted in 1875 by l'Institut de Droit International, and what Mérignhac wrote at p. 269 of his Traité de l'Arbitrage International, U.N. Reports, op. cit., vol. X, p. 751-753).

[44] "Rule (L)

In exercising the 'free evaluation of evidence' provided for under the previous Rule, the international tribunals 'decided the case on the strength of the evidence produced by both parties', and in case a party 'adduces some evidence which prima facie supports his allegation, the burden of proof shifts to his opponent' (Sandifer, op. cit., pp. 125, 129, 130, 170-173, relying upon the Parker case of 1962 adjudicated by the Mexico/USA General Claims Commission, U.N. Reports, op. cit., vol. IV, p. 36-41; the ICJ's Ambatielos and Asylum cases).

[45] "Rule (M)

Finally, 'In cases where proof of a fact presents extreme difficulty, a tribunal may thus be satisfied with less conclusive proof, i.e., prima facie evidence' (Cheng, op. cit., p. 323-325, with quotations from the supporting authorities and cited with approval by Sandifer, at p. 173).

[46] "In the light of all the legal Rules from (A) to (M) stated herein-above, it becomes clear that Art. 4(2) regulated a specific situation by adopting a standard of responsibility representing a certain degree of particularity, and which becomes applicable only in cases characterized by the cumulative existence of three factors:

(a) - that the destruction of property not only occurred during hostilities, but more precisely such destruction has been proven to be committed by the governmental forces or authorities themselves;

(b) - that the destruction was not caused in combat action, since the higher standard of liability ('adequate compensation' payable in 'freely transferable' currency) is linked with the assumption of unjustified destruction committed out of combat; and

(c) - that the destruction was not required by the necessity of the situation, as the existence of a combat would not be sufficient per se to alleviate the responsibility of the governmental forces and authorities, once it has been proven that the security forces bypassed the reasonable limits by undertaking unnecessary destruction.

[47] "Moreover, it has to be noted that the foreign investor who invokes the applicability of said Art. 4(2) assumes a heavy burden of proof, since he has, in conformity with Rules (G) and (J), to establish:

(i) - that the governmental forces and not the rebels caused the destruction;

(ii) - that this destruction occurred out of 'combat';

(iii) - that there was no 'necessity', in the sense that the destruction could have been reasonably avoided due to its unnecessary character under the prevailing circumstances."

[...]

[84] "Both Parties are in agreement that whenever the State's responsibility is established, due to the failure of its authorities to provide foreign investors with the full protection and security required under the relevant international law rules and standards, the interested party becomes entitled to claim the type of remedy deemed appropriate, which takes in the present case the form of monetary compensation.

[85] "Both Parties are equally in agreement about the principle, according to which, in case of property destruction, the amount of the compensation due has to be calculated in a manner that adequately reflects the full value of the investment lost as a result of said destruction and the damages incurred as a result thereof. The basic rule long established in this respect was clearly formulated by Max Huber in the 1925 Melilla-Ziat, Ben Kirm case in the following words:

'Le dommage éventuellemnt remboursable ne pourrait être que le dommage direct, savoir la valeur de marchandises détruites ou disparues' (U.N. Reports of International Arbitration Awards, vol. II, p. 732).

Thus, the task of the Tribunal in the present case has to focus on the determination of the 'value' of the claimant's right which suffered losses due to the destruction that took place on 28 January 1987, and throughout the following days during which Serendib's farm remained under governmental temporary occupation (unjustifiably characterized by the claimant as de facto 'requisition', since it has not been proven that the Government used the farm to promote its own military interests and to benefit thereof).

[86] "Disagreement among the two Parties to the present arbitration emerges only with regard to the following two major points:

(i) - Which elements have to be taken into consideration in calculating the claimant's property rights to be compensated; and

(ii) - What quantum reflects the full value of the elements constituting the claimant's property right to be compensated.

(....)

[87] "In deciding on the issues under consideration which are subject to disagreement among the Parties, the Tribunal has primarily to indicate that AAPL is entitled in the present arbitration case to claim compensation under the Sri Lanka/UK Bilateral Investment Treaty, ... due to the fact that the claimant's 136 'investments' in Sri Lanka 'suffered losses' owing to events falling under one or more of the circumstances enumerated by Art. 4(1) of the Treaty ('revolution, state of national emergency, revolt, insurrection', etc ). The undisputed 'investments' effected since 1985 by AAPL in Sri Lanka are in the form of acquiring shares in Serendib Company, which has been incorporated in Sri Lanka under the domestic companies law. Accordingly, the Treaty protection provides no direct coverage with regard to Serendib's physical assets as such ('farm structures and equipment', 'shrimp stock in ponds', cost of 'training the technical staff', etc.), or to the intangible assets of Serendib if any ('good will', 'future profitability', etc...). The scope of the international law protection granted to the foreign investor in the present case is limited to a single item: the value of his share-holding in the joint-venture entity (Serendib Company).

[88] "In the absence of a stock market at which the price for Serendib's shares were quoted on 27 January 1987 (the day preceding the events which led to the destruction of the value of AAPL's Investment in Serendib's capital), the evaluation of the shares owned by AAPL in Serendib has to be established by the alternative method of determining what was the reasonable price a willing purchaser would have offered to AAPL to acquire its share holding in Serendib.

[89] "Certainly, all the physical assets of Serendib, as well as its intangible assets, have to be taken into consideration in establishing the reasonable value of what the potential purchaser Gould have been willing to offer on 27 January 1987 for acquiring AAPL's shares in Serendib. But the reasonable price should have reflected also Serendib's global liability at that date; i.e., the aggregate amount of the current debts, loans, interests, etc. due to Serendib's creditors.

[90] "Consequently, the Tribunal is of the opinion that the determination of the percentage of AAPL's share-holding in Serendib's capital is a false problem, since the relevant factor is to establish a comprehensive Balance sheet which reflects the result of assessing the global assets of Serendib in comparison with all the outstanding indebtedness thereof at the relevant time. For the purpose of evaluating the market price of AAPL's shares on 27 January 1987, the result would be ultimately the same whether or not the 'preference shares' of Sri Lankas Export Development Board technically qualify under the domestic companies law as part of Serendib's capital. Assuming that the correct legal interpretation of the Sri Lankan Law would lead to include among Serendib's capital assets the value of the 'preference shares' issued in favour of the Export Development Board as a security for the cash money funds already supplied to the Company, Serendib's capital assets would have on one hand, to be considered increased. But on the other band, the global amount of the Development Board's disbursements together with the accruing interests due on 27 January 1987, should be taken into consideration in reflecting Serendib's 137 global indebtedness. In other words, in case the 'preference shares' of Export Development Board decrease AAPL's percentage of share-holding in Serendib's equity capital, this would not ultimately affect the value of AAPL's shareholding.

[91] "In the language of figures, a 48% ordinary share-holding in an equity capital amounting to 21,464,241 Sri Lankan Rupees (S-L.Rs.) equals 37% shareholding in an entity having a total capital of S-L.Rs. 28,184,241 (i.e., by adding the value of the preference shares). At the other side of the equation, assuming 48% of loan liabilities totalling S-L.Rs. 70,024,000, is the same as acquiring 37% of the global indebtedness amounting to S-L.Rs. 76,744,000.

[92] "Taking into consideration the above-stated preliminary remarks of general character, the Tribunal is faced with no legal objections in allocating to the claimant compensation for the damages which were effectively incurred due to the destruction of a substantial part of Serendib's physical assets, thus rendering the legal entity in which AAPL invested out of business since 28 January 1987. In essence, Serendib ceased as of that date to be a 'going concern' capable of realizing profits, thus causing AAPL's investment therein to become a total loss.

[93] "In the light of all the elements of evidence provided by both Parties,... the Tribunal considers that the fair evaluation exclusively based on Serendib's tangible assets leads to value AAPL's investment in that company at a total amount of 460,000 US Dollars.

[94] "Nevertheless, the major part of the claimant's pleas were directed towards.obtaining 5,703,667 US dollars as compensation for a variety of other claimed damages, which include intangible assets, mainly 'goodwill', and loss of future profits.

[95] The admissibility of such claims raised serious legal objections from the respondent, which are expressed in the following two quotations:

(a) - 'International arbitral tribunals are bound to project future on the basis of the past, Serendib's history offers no sound basis for projecting any future profitability';

(b) - 'The loss of crops to be harvested in the future has usually been considered to be too speculative and indefinite to be included as a proper element of damage under international law'.

[96] "In the Tribunals view, it is clearly understood that the evaluation of the 'going concern' which is Serendib Company in the present case, has for unique objective the determination of what could be the reasonable market value of the Company's shares under the circumstances prevailing on 27 January 1987. 138 Hence, as a general rule all elements related to subsequent developments should not be taken as such into consideration, and lucrum cessans in the proper sense could not be allocated in the present case for which the precedents concerning unlawful expropriation claims or liability for unilateral termination of a State contract are of no relevance. The only pertinent question in the present case would be to establish whether Serendib .... had by then developed a 'good will' and a standard of 'profitability' that renders a prospective purchaser prepared to pay a certain premium over the value of the tangible assets for the benefit of the Company's 'intangible' assets. Consequently, the projection of future profits in function of the 'Discounted Cash Flow Method' (DCF) has to be envisaged simply as a tool to assess the level of Serendib's future profitability under all relevant circumstances prevailing at the beginning of 1987.

[97] "In this respect, it would be appropriate to ascertain that 'goodwill' requires the prior presence on the market for at least two or three years, which is the minimum period needed in order to establish continuing business connections, and during that period substantial expenses are incurred in supporting the management efforts devoted to create and develop the marketing network of the company's products, particularly in cases like the present one where the Company relies exclusively on one product (shrimps) exportable to a single market (Japan). The possible existence of a valuable 'goodwill' becomes even more difficult to sustain with regard to a company, not only newly formed and with no records of profits, but also incurring losses and under-capitalized. A reasonable prospective purchaser would, under these circumstances, be at least doubtful about the ability of the Company's balance sheet to cease being in the red, in the sense that the future earnings become effectively sufficient to off-set the past losses as well as to service the loans which exceed in their magnitude the Company's capital assets.

[98] "Furthermore, according to a well established rule of international law, the assessment of prospective profits requires the proof that:

'they were reasonably anticipated; and that the Profits anticipated were probable and not merely possible' (Marjorie M. Whiteman, Damages in International Law, vol. II, (1937), p. 1837, with reference to extensive supporting precedents disallowing 'uncertain' or 'speculative' future profits, p. 1836-1849; The 1902 Award rendered in El Triumfo case (El Salvador/USA), Repertory, op. cit., vol. I, § 1350, p. 324; The 1903 Award rendered by the Italy/Venezuela Mixed Commission in the Poggidi case, Ibid., § 1358, p. 328-329; Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern, 'L'Evaluation des Dommages dans les Arbitrages Transnationaux', Annuaire Français de Droit International, vol. XXXIII, (1987), p. 17 ss, with ample reference to 139 the numerous decisions rendered by the Iran/USA Claims Tribunal to that effect, and interestingly the Author's reference to the DCF calculations provided by the Expert Accountants of the Parties which contain 'élement de conjecture' looking: 'guère moins spéculatifs et tout aussi obscurs que les prophéties de Nostradamus'- p. 24).

[99] "The claimant itself,... reproduced a long quotation from the Award rendered on 14 July 1987, by the Chamber presided by the late Michel Virally, in the case AMOCO International Finance Corporation v. Iran, which after clearly distinguishing the lucrum cessans from the 'future prospects' of profitability that constitutes an element to be taken into consideration in evaluating the 'going concern', find necessary to emphasize the need to prove that:

'the undertaking was a "going concern" which had demonstrated a certain ability to earn revenues and was, therefore to be considered as keeping such ability for the future' (S 203 of the Award...).

The fact that Serendib exported for the first time two shipments to Japan during the same month of January 1987 when it's farm was destroyed, does not sufficiently demonstrate in the Tribunals opinion 'a certain ability to earn revenues' in a manner that would justify considering Serendib - by exporting for the first time in its short life - able to keep itself commercially viable as a source of reliable supply on the Japanese market.

[100] "In the light of the above-stated considerations, and taking into account all the evidence introduced by both Parties with regard to the existence or nonexistence of 'intangible assets' capable of being evaluated for the purpose of establishing the total appropriate value of Serendib on 27 January 1987, the Tribunal comes to the conclusion that neither the 'goodwill' nor the 'future profitability' of Serendib could be reasonably established with a sufficient degree of certainty.

[101] "Without putting into doubt the binding force of the rules requiring that the intangible assets including 'goodwill' and 'future profitability' of an enterprise have to be reflected in the evaluation of a 'going concern', the Tribunal's opinion is established on considering the assumptions upon which the claimant's projection were based in the present case insufficient in evidencing that Serendib was effectively by 27 January 1987, a 'going concern' that acquired a valuable 'goodwill' and enjoying a proven 'future profitability', particularly in the light of the fact that Serendib had no previous record in conducting business for even one year of production.

[102] "Therefore, all the amounts of claimed compensation for 'intangible assets', as well as for 'future earnings' are rejected."

[...]

[105] "The claimant requested interest at the rate of 10% per annum as of the date of the losses incurred (28 January 1987), and the respondent did not raise any objection with regard to, either the principle of entitlement to interests in case the Government's responsibility is sustained by the Tribunal, or to the suggested rate of 10% per annum.

[106] "In accordance with a long established rule of international law expressed since 1872 by the Arbitral Tribunal which adjudicated the Alabama 141 case between the UK and USA, 'it is just and reasonable to allow interest at a reasonable rate' (Repertory, op. cit., vol. I, § 1382, p. 343). In implementation of the above-stated rule, and in view of the Parties' attitude indicated hereinabove, the present Tribunal deems appropriate to allocate interest on the amount of US$ 460,000 granted to the claimant as previously stipulated at the rate of 10% per annum.

[107] "The only pending issue in this respect relates to the date from which that interest starts accruing. The survey of the literature reveals that, in spite of the persisting controversies with regard to cases involving moratory interests, the case-law elaborated by international arbitral tribunals strongly suggests that in assessing the liability due for losses incurred the interest becomes an integral part of the compensation itself, and should run consequently from the date when the State's international responsibility became engaged (cf. R. Lillich, 'Interest in the Law of International Claims', Essays in Honor of Vade Saario and Toivo Sainio, (1983), pp. 55-56).

[108] "Therefore, and taking into account that Art. 8(3) of the Sri Lanka/UK Bilateral Investment Treaty8 provides that the foreign investor becomes entitled to file a recourse in front of the Centre only in case agreement with the Host State 'cannot be reached within three months', and since the claimant in the present case effectively submitted his Request of Arbitration on 8 July 1987, the Tribunal rules that the 10% per annum rate of interest adopted starts accruing as of 9 July 1987, and continues to run as a part of the compensation allocated to the claimant up to the date of the payment of the sum awarded."

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